{"id":5442,"date":"2023-03-27T13:00:30","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T11:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/?p=5442"},"modified":"2026-04-24T13:24:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T11:24:59","slug":"lestres-de-lempresari-com-reconeixer-lo-i-revenir-lo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/lestres-de-lempresari-com-reconeixer-lo-i-revenir-lo\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019estr\u00e8s de l\u2019empresari: com recon\u00e8ixer-lo i prevenir-lo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019estr\u00e8s laboral \u00e9s inevitable, pot ser positiu o negatiu, es pot acumular i, si \u00e9s excessiu, pot provocar greus problemes de salut i impactar negativament a la mateixa organitzaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l'estr\u00e8s?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El terme \"estr\u00e8s\" fou emprat per primera vegada per l\u2019investigador <strong>Hans<\/strong> <strong>Seyle, <\/strong>qui, l\u2019any 1936 el va definir com \u201duna resposta inespec\u00edfica de l\u2019organisme davant qualsevol demanda que se li faci\u201d, el va anomenar <strong>s\u00edndrome general d\u2019adaptaci\u00f3 (SGA)<\/strong>. Es tracta d\u2019una resposta relativament inespec\u00edfica de l\u2019organisme a un est\u00edmul que n\u2019amena\u00e7a la seva superviv\u00e8ncia i la integritat f\u00edsica. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Per\u00f2, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l\u2019estr\u00e8s laboral? L\u2019OMS el defineix com \u201cla reacci\u00f3 que pot tenir l\u2019individu davant <strong>d\u2019exig\u00e8ncies i pressions laborals que no s\u2019adapten als seus coneixements i capacitats<\/strong> i que posen a prova la seva capacitat d\u2019afrontar la situaci\u00f3\u201d. Aplicat a l\u2019\u00e0mbit laboral i empresarial, es tracta d\u2019un tipus d\u2019estr\u00e8s relacionat amb la feina i que es produeix quan els requisits d\u2019aquest superen la capacitat d\u2019afrontar-los o controlar-los.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Quan \u00e9s negatiu l'estr\u00e8s? Senyals d\u2019alerta<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seyle diferenciava entre \u201c<strong>estr\u00e8s positiu<\/strong>\", quan la reacci\u00f3 global (som\u00e0tica, conductual i emocional) \u00e9s funcional i no t\u00e9 conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies negatives sobre la persona, i \"<strong>estr\u00e8s negatiu<\/strong>\u201d. Aquest darrer tipus, despr\u00e9s d\u2019una fase d\u2019alarma i de resist\u00e8ncia, es fa evident quan apareixen senyals d\u2019esgotament que poden donar-se a nivell emocional, som\u00e0tic-corporal, conductual i cognitiu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dimensi\u00f3 emocional:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agitaci\u00f3, frustraci\u00f3 i canvis sobtats d\u2019humor; sensaci\u00f3 de sentir-se aclaparat, por a perdre el control o una major necessitat de tenir-lo; dificultat per a relaxar-se i desconnectar; baixa autoestima, solitud, depressi\u00f3, preocupaci\u00f3 constant, sensaci\u00f3 de culpa quan no es treballa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dimensi\u00f3 som\u00e0tic-corporal:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manca d'energia, mol\u00e8sties estomacals com a diarrea, n\u00e0usees, restrenyiment; maldecaps i tensi\u00f3 muscular; dolor tor\u00e0cic i taquic\u00e0rdies; alteracions del son; disminuci\u00f3 del desig sexual; nerviosisme, agitaci\u00f3; bruxisme, brunzit d'o\u00efdes, mans i peus freds; augment de la sudoraci\u00f3, sequedat de boca i dificultat per a empassar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dimensi\u00f3 cognitiva:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es pot veure afectada la capacitat de concentraci\u00f3 i an\u00e0lisi per a la presa de decisions i desenvolupament d'accions, pensaments negatius, pessimistes o fins i tot catastrofistes, autocr\u00edtica exagerada, i en els casos m\u00e9s greus pot arribar a comportar a una deterioraci\u00f3 cognitiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dimensi\u00f3 comportamental:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'estr\u00e8s pot comportar a una actitud insegura, nerviosisme i impulsivitat, dificultat per a relacionar-se amb els altres i tend\u00e8ncia a l'a\u00efllament, trastorns de l'alimentaci\u00f3, sexuals i del son, incapacitat de reaccionar i ab\u00fas de subst\u00e0ncies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Guia per a prevenir i reduir l\u2019estr\u00e8s:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Diversifica els teus interessos:<\/strong> no nom\u00e9s ets un empresari, primer ets una persona, un company, un pare o una mare, un amic; la feina \u00e9s important, per\u00f2 donar-se una pausa i dedicar-se a altres esferes \u00e9s fonamental per a processar millor la informaci\u00f3, reformular idees i tenir m\u00e9s capacitat de reacci\u00f3 i millor funcionament en el treball.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Fes una an\u00e0lisi exhaustiva de les situacions que et causen estr\u00e8s<\/strong>: pot tractar-se de situacions, tasques, relacions, organitzaci\u00f3 o estructura del treball; has de diferenciar quins d'aquests agents estressants estan sota el teu control directe i preguntar-te qu\u00e8 pot fer per a resoldre'ls, evitar-los, millorar-los o delegar-los o, si no pot controlar-los, valora com es podria reduir el seu impacte.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Planifica l'afrontament de situacions i decisions estressants:<\/strong> com a empresari, \u00e9s normal que hagis de dur a terme accions d\u2019alt impacte i responsabilitat; en la mesura que sigui possible, planifica-les de manera que no se sobreposin l'una amb l'altra i que no s'acumulin; la gesti\u00f3 del temps i tenir un criteri clar per a establir prioritats s\u00f3n fonamentals per a minimitzar el risc d'estr\u00e8s.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Simplifica processos i accions:<\/strong> la complexitat de la teva posici\u00f3 implica una revisi\u00f3 constant de tots aquells mecanismes (gesti\u00f3 de persones, inversions, esdeveniments, activitats, etc.) que componen l'estructura de la teva empresa i agilitzar els procediments; si \u00e9s necessari, valora demanar ajuda a un expert.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Valora la teva feina:<\/strong> \u00e9s molt habitual que dins les petites i mitjanes empreses, sigui l\u2019empresari qui tamb\u00e9 dugui a terme funcions de gesti\u00f3, administraci\u00f3 i d\u2019empleat. Has d\u2019aprendre a valorar en tot moment si est\u00e0s fent servir de manera \u00f2ptima el teu temps i intenta delegar aquelles activitats que et resten temps per a fer-ne d\u2019altres de m\u00e9s importants.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Descansa i desconnecta:<\/strong> Per a poder respondre de la millor manera a les necessitats de la teva posici\u00f3, \u00e9s necessari que et prenguis pauses tant durant la teva jornada laborar i que planifiquis el teu descans setmanal i les teves vacances; un bon rep\u00f2s facilita la concentraci\u00f3, recupera energies i permet revisar amb perspectiva assumptes de cert impacte emocional.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vols saber quin \u00e9s el teu nivell d\u2019estr\u00e8s?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si vols fer-te una idea de quin pot ser el teu nivell d\u2019estr\u00e8s, et proposem respondre a les preguntes de l\u2019Escala d\u2019Estr\u00e8s Percebut de Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) de Cohen, S., Kamarck, T &amp; Mermelstein, R.(<a href=\"https:\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmu.edu%2Fdietrich%2Fpsychology%2Fstress-immunity-disease-lab%2Fscales%2F.doc%2Fpss_14_europeanspanish_dr_remor_version_2_0.doc&amp;wdOrigin=BROWSELINK\">pss_14_europeanspanish_dr_remor_version_2_0.doc (live.com)<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descobreix com recon\u00e8ixer l\u2019estr\u00e8s de l\u2019empresari i les claus per prevenir-lo i millorar el benestar i la gesti\u00f3 del negoci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5446,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","inline_featured_image":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informacions-interes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5442"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9595,"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5442\/revisions\/9595"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpempresa.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}